Follow me.

Follow me 1, and follow me 2.

Antonio Citterio, 2002-2012.

 

 

Background Information on Antonio Citterio.

Citterio graduated in architecture at the Politecnico di Milano and since 1972 has worked for many leading manufacturers such as Ansorg, Arclinea, Axor-Hansgrohe, B&B Italia, Iittala, Kartell, Sanitec Group, Technogym and Vitra. Maxalto, a B&B Italia brand, is designed and coordinated entirely by Antonio Citterio himself. He has also been engaged in architectural works dealing with construction projects and interiors both in Italy and abroad. He holds lectures and conferences all over the world and his work has been extensively exhibited and published.

• Born in the City of Meda, in 1950.
• opened his own studio in 1972.
• He completed his degree in architecture at the Polytechnic University of Milan in 1975.
• Between 1987 and 1996, he collaborated with Terry Dawn designing buildings in japan.
• In 1999 Citterio formed Antonio Citterio and Partners.
• A multi-disciplinary practice for architecture, industrial design and graphics
• The studio changed its name to ‘Antonio Citterio Patricia Viel and Partners’ in 2009.
• He won the Compasso d’Oro in 1987 and 1995.
• Professor at the Faculty of Architecture at the Università della Svizzera Italiana in Mendrisio since 2006.
• awarded the title ‘Royal Designer for Industry’ by the London-based Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce in 2008.

Follow Me 1, and follow me 2.

Follow Me 1 and 2 are robust, lockable mobile pedestals for use in the office as well as the home. A decorative pull strap makes it easy to move the trolleys from place to place. One (Follow Me 1) or two (Follow Me 2) shelf spaces for ring binders and an integrated storage compartment with removable trays for papers and personal belongings can be hidden behind the mobile pedestal’s tambour shutter. Both models can be individually configured with optional drawers and shelves.

One of the options that you can specify with the follow me 2 is that you can purchase the unit with either one drawer (€54.00) or two draws ( €107.00). This allows for easy access to the various materials you can store inside the unit itself. 

One of the options that you can specify is that you can purchase both follow me 1&2 with a translucent side panel, This option costs and extra €100. You can also specify the color and number of additional draws inside the Follow Me 1 as well. Draws costing €54 for a standard and €67 for a translucent. If you opt for two draws, the price is €107 and €134 respective.

How it’s made, and what it’s made from.

All Vitra products comply with the standards of DIN EN ISO 9001 and DIN EN ISO 14001.

ISO 14001- Meeting set standards with regards to environmental issues, as well as creating products out of responsibly sourced, sustainable and recyclable materials.

ISO 9001- Meeting set standards with regards to managerial positions, which in turn allows the business to become more streamlined and efficient, whilst improving customer satisfaction.

 With follow me 1, As you can see from the chart above, although it is not a majority, the single largest component in the Follow me ranges, at 47.7% of the composition, is listed as “Other Thermoplastics”.

 

However, with follow me 2, the other thermoplastics that Vitra talk about, are a majority, at 51.2% of the entire units composition. This in turn means that it is more recyclable at the end of its life span.

Below I have quoted how Vitra themselves regard the thermoplastics they use.

“Other thermoplastics are used for special applications. Vitra principally prefers thermoplastic to duroplastic synthetics, as with the addition of a small amount of new material, they are 100% recyclable. To facilitate single-variety separation and recycling, all plastic components that are large enough are labelled per ISO 11469:2000.”

A Thermoplastic, by definition, is a plastic that becomes malleable with heat, and can be changed in form infinite times.

To create the body of the Follow me range, they use a process called Injection moulding.

The plastic injection moulding process produces large numbers of parts of high quality with great accuracy, very quickly. Plastic material in the form of granules is melted until soft enough to be injected under pressure to fill a mould. The result is that the shape is exactly copied.

Process Of injection Moulding.

Step 1: Plastic material in the form of granules is melted until soft.

Step 2) The plastic liquid is then injected into a mould of sorts under high pressure.

Step 3) The plastic liquid is subjected to continued high pressure to make sure it reaches all corners of the mould, this is called “dwelling”

Step 4) The mould is left until it has cooled sufficiently to hold its new shape.

Step 5) The mould is the broken apart, and the new moulding is cracked out from the mould itself.

Step 6) The moulding is trimmed/sanded/edited to allow to the finish required.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMjtmsr3CqA

The above video gives in-depth information about the machines used and the complete manufacturing process.

Another large component of the construction in the follow me series is Steel. Steel makes up 38% of the entire product. This 38% is contained in the roller/shutter/ overhead style door that opens up to reveal the internal spaces of the follow me. Below I have quoted how Vitra themselves regard the steel they use

“Steel is a stable compound of iron and carbon with various added alloys. As the technical properties, such as strength and elasticity can be adjusted per the steel grade, the material can be used flexibly in many different forms. At the end of the product life cycle, steel components can be melted down and completely recycled”

The fact it can be completely recycled applies once again to the ISO 14001 Standards mentioned above. Vitra say that “Follow Me contains 17% recycled material. Using recycled materials conserves valuable resources. With their pro- portion of recycled material, among other things, Vitra products can contribute to a good rating in certification programs for sustainable buildings (for example LEED).

 

Antonio Citterio’s other collaborations with Vitra.

 

 

621 – Arangement of surfaces

The Rams & Vitsoe arrangement of surfaces/621.

The reason you see above that it is called an arrangement of surfaces, is that;

“Rams does not like it called a table; he prefers, “an arrangement of surfaces.”

Background information on Dieter Rams.

H.C. Dieter Rams was born on the 20^th of May, 1932 in Wiesbaden, Hessen in Germany. He is a professor emeritus (the former holder of an office, especially a university professor, having retired but allowed to retain their title as an honor.)

and industrial designer closely associated with the consumer products company Braun and the Functionalist school of industrial design. His unobtrusive approach and belief in “less but better” design generated a timeless quality in his products and have influenced the design of many products, which also secured Rams worldwide recognition and appreciation.

• Began his studies in architecture and interior decoration at Wiesbaden School of Art in 1947.
• In 1948, he took a break from studying to gain practical experience and finish his carpentry apprenticeship.
• In 1953 and graduated with honors.
• In 1955, he was recruited to Braun as an architect.
• In 1961, he became the Chief Design Officer at Braun.
• Fond of term “Weniger, aber besser” Translates to less, but better.
• Rams regularly promoted the use of plastic in his products

In the mid to late 1970’s, Rams was becoming more and more concerned by the way the world was transforming around him. – “an impenetrable confusion of forms, colours and noises.” He was aware that he was a significant influence into that world, he chose to ask himself an important question: is my design, good design?

He concluded that good design cannot and should not be measured in a set way. He set about deciding upon the ten most important principles for what he considered was good design.

1. Is innovative– The possibilities for progression are not, by any means, exhausted. Technological development is always offering new opportunities for original designs. But imaginative design always develops in tandem with improving technology, and can never be an end in itself.
2. Makes a product useful– A product is bought to be used. It must satisfy not only functional, but also psychological and aesthetic criteria. Good design emphasizes the usefulness of a product whilst disregarding anything that could detract from it.
3. Is aesthetic– The aesthetic quality of a product is integral to its usefulness because products are used every day and influence people and their well-being. Only well-executed objects can be beautiful.
4. Makes a product understandable– It clarifies the product’s structure. Better still, it can make the product clearly express its function by making use of the user’s intuition. At best, it is self-explanatory.
5. Is unobtrusive– Products fulfilling a purpose are like tools. They are neither decorative objects nor works of art. Their design should therefore be both neutral and restrained, to leave room for the user’s self-expression.
6. Is honest– It does not make a product appear more innovative, powerful or valuable than it really is. It does not attempt to manipulate the consumer with promises that cannot be kept.
7. Is long-lasting– It avoids being fashionable and therefore never appears antiquated. Unlike fashionable design, it lasts many years – even in today’s throwaway society.
8. Is thorough down to the last detail– Nothing must be arbitrary or left to chance. Care and accuracy in the design process show respect towards the consumer.
9. Is environmentally friendly– Design makes an important contribution to the preservation of the environment. It conserves resources and minimizes physical and visual pollution throughout the lifecycle of the product.
10. Is as little design as possible– Less, but better – because it concentrates on the essential aspects, and the products are not burdened with non-essentials. Back to purity, back to simplicity.

Background information on Vitsoe.

 Vitsoe is currently a British furniture company, based out of London

• Niels Wiese Vitsoe was introduced to Dieter Ramsby another designer, Otto Zapf In 1959.
• Together they founded Vitsoe + Zapf on the 4^th September, 1959, they were based out of Frankfurt.
• Manufacture products designed by Dieter Rams
• Rams was working for Braunat the time, but Erwin and Artur Braun decided to allow him to work on side projects.
• In 1969, the company was renamed Vitsoe when Zapf left the company after 10 years.
• In 1995 the company moved all manufacturing to England.
• In the move to England, the German company was closed, so products were re-engineered.

Ethos.

They wanted to build sturdy furniture, that would not become outdated. They would not pander to fashion. Their furniture would be discrete, and it would be adaptable. So, that you as the customer could: start with less, add to it, rearrange it, repair it, take it with you when you move and most importantly reuse it.

To follow its ethos, Vitsœ focuses on a close relationship with its customers, using the Internet to sell interactively internationally. Vitsœ is also continually improving their products and processes. Mark Adams, who took over in 199 about 50% to 60% of Vitsoe’ s orders are coming from existing customers

The 621 arrangement of surfaces

In 1962, Dieter Rams started designing the 621. He was designing it not only as a partner to go with the a 620-chair system, but as a system of surfaces that could be used infinitely alongside each other.

Throughout the design, the hands of Rams were the ultimate test: within seconds he could decide if any further changes were needed. In the end, he declared himself “overwhelmed” by the finished result. As mentioned above, each curve was handmade and hand crafted.

In 2014 the re-engineering of Rams’s original hand-drawn blueprints. 3D-modelling was used to translate them for modern injection-molding techniques. Once they had been modelled and teste, the table’s details were 3D-printed to make sure of their accuracy to the original blueprints.

 

They also changed the materials and production method. Initially it was a thermoformed plastic that was draped over a mould, and then sucked into shape. However, as you’ll see below, it is now constructed by a far more modern technique called injection moulding.

“It is an injection-moulded, impact-modified polystyrene that gives the 621 Table its form and strength.”
Rams’s initial design has thicker/ more dense material at the edges which, when combined with the recesses in the side/legs, increases its stiffness and rigidity. These recesses also become a tray when the table is turned on its side.

The table is hand-painted in a textured, two-part, polyurethane finish that is not prone to fading in UV light. It can be painted in either off-white (RAL 9002) or black (RAL 9005).

 

As the photo below shows, the arrangement of surfaces comes in two different sizes. These can be bought separately, or together as a nested unit.

   When questioned in an interview regarding the reincarnation of Vitsoe, rams said…

“more than 50 years after I designed the 621-side table for Vitsoe I am delighted to see it back in production. We have been able to make use of new technologies and innovative design to ensure that the table is now better than ever.”

 

New injection moulding process.

The plastic injection moulding process produces large numbers of parts of high quality with great accuracy, very quickly. Plastic material in the form of granules is melted until soft enough to be injected under pressure to fill a mould. The result is that the shape is exactly copied.

Step 1: Plastic material in the form of granules is melted until soft.

Step 2) The plastic liquid is then injected into a mould of sorts under high pressure.

Step 3) The plastic liquid is subjected to continued high pressure to make sure it reaches all corners of the mould, this is called “dwelling”

Step 4) The mould is left until it has cooled sufficiently to hold its new shape.

Step 5) The mould is the broken apart, and the new moulding is cracked out from the mould itself.

Step 6) The moulding is trimmed/sanded/edited to allow to the finish required.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMjtmsr3CqA

The above video gives in-depth information about the machines used and the complete manufacturing process.

 

 

Rams’ other collaborations with Vitsoe.

 It would seem that 1962 was a good year for the partnership that was Vitsoe and Dieter Rams, as he also designed the 620-chair program. The 620 program is a group kit of parts, where you assemble and disassemble as your life and needs change. The separate chairs can have their arm-rests removed, and then joined to another separate chair unit to become a sofa, or vice versa! One of the other benefits of this, that that regardless how big you would like your sofa to be, it always comes in manageable boxes. When you receive your 620 unit, you only need one tool to, which is supplied within the box. So, no specialist tools needed.

The outer shell is made from a hot-pressed sheet moulding compound, which is similar to, but stronger than fiberglass. The chair base is a traditional coil-sprung structure overlaid with a rubberized-coir pad (a mixture of torn coconut husks and natural rubber).

You can have the 620 program in various finishes, there are two specific finishes for the sides, and 6 separate leather finishes.

 

 

 

 

 

Charles Prior lecture V

Charles Prior_PP2 lecture.

Eltham Palace (Greenwich, google this!)-gothic/ Tudor hall/ Georgian house! Art deco interior, inside a stately home.

Don’t be afraid to have lots of the same colour (imposing)

GRC- Glass-reinforced-concrete

Types of celling

Direct- When you stuck the plasterboard onto the celling. (most common in residential)

Suspended- Wire suspension system, will have lots of drop in panels, sound insulation, heat insulation etc. (Usually commercial, as can hide utilities)

Exposed-Becoming more common. Retail outlet. Sprayed everything in the ceiling black. Or not coloured at all. Looks rustic with all utilities visible. Popular simply because of the cost of maintaining and producing.

Commercial spaces- suspended celling

Commercial services.

HVAC- Vacuum heating system

Cable management

Pipework (Laid to falls)

Sprinkler/fire systems

Sound

Absorption

Insulation

Reverberation

Sound absorption describes how sound behaves inside a room

Sound insulation describes the degree to which sound is transmitted to another room.

Sound reverberation is the time it takes for reflected sound to die down within the space.

Suspended ceilings are usually suspending by a system called T-Bar.

Metal perforated systems are useful, but they echo and sound poor!

Another celling system called Armstrong technology. They work well in high tech areas, where there is lots of cabling to run.

Armstrong also make a wooden celling. (very smart)

Curvy ceilings

Barrisol “World leader of stretched ceiling.”

They make interesting suspended celling, out of stretched material.

Charles Prior lecture IV

Doors & Openings.

What is a door?

Protects the space

Defines the space

Creates access to the space

Closes off the space

Doors do not just have to be external… consider internal, garage and gate access to the premises.

Doors create initial emotion. As you walk through it, you have a first impression.

Geometric patterns cut into the face.

 

Hardware (Link to buster + punch)

Door height: 2040mm

Door width: 926,826,726,626

Door depth: A fire door: 44mm Entry door is thicker than an internal door.

Hollow core door (Built in frame, then clad on back) This is cheap, not good for sound and thermal.

Solid core door: Expensive, time and quality. Always solid core door. (SOUIND)

Rough opening: All doors and frames are fitted into an opening, sometimes called a rough opening

Door lining- Door linings are basically the inner part of a door frame onto which a door is hung.

Door- The door is hinged on the door lining.

Door Stop- Once the door is hung, you then position door stop around the inside of the lining, so that the door has an edge to close on to.

Architrave- These are the decorative mouldings that are fixed to the edge of the door lining, to cover the junction between the lining and the wall, thus creating a decorative finish to the frame.

Door-set is a fully finished and engineered element It is all matched together and preassembled in the factory.

Handing: How the door actually opens, clockwise and anticlockwise, to the right or to the left.

Polished nickel and chrome architectural hard wear (look at buster and punch)

Parts of a door.

Door closer

Lever set- handle

Push plate

Pull handle

Signage

Escutcheon- key hole cover, must match the base plate of the leaver.

Cylinder-

Kick plate

Doorstop-floor or wall mounted.

Intumescent.

Regulations

300mm from the door frame to the wall minimum.

Always be glass on the doors (so you can see somebody coming)

Traditionally internal doors open outwards, entry doors open in.

When using AutoCAD, number all doors. Draw a circle, and inside write door number (1- however many needed)

Threshold is where you change the surface from the inside, to the outside. IT often comes with a change of level, usually there is a timber step or threshold. Threshold can also be used for a break in material!

 

Windows and openings.

Letting light in, means of escape, letting fresh air in.

Stained glass windows

Velux windows.

Types of window

Double hung window

Mulled double hung

Two lite slider

Hopper

Casement

Double casement

End vent slider

Awning

Bay window

Skylights

Centre pivot

Top hung

Roto third pivot- good for cool climates when it rains.

Side hung

Balcony or terrace

conservation

 

Lost Foam

Today i had a class/ workshop on how lost foam works.

Really interesting! Its a bit like working with fibreglass molds… kind of! The way that you have to think backwards, about what you put into the mould, is going to look like when you remove it… you have to take into account the negative space of the foam, because that in turn will be where the metal sits!

Good fun workshop, apart from the searing heat from the forge and furnace!

I’ll definitely try and use the facilities again, and try and incorporate the lost foam final product into my final design!

C

Charles Prior-Lecture III

This lecture was based around walls. In its most basic form, a wall is an object used as a method of dividing space. It is a method of linearising an area.

Brick dimensions; 215mm long X 65mm High X 102.5 Wide… This is typically joined to other bricks using a mortar fillet of 10mm.

A blade wall is a non structural wall that does not always attach to the ceiling.

 

The composition of an external load-bearing wall.

• Concrete slab on the bottom
• Coarse aggregate
• Fine aggregate
• Membrane
• Concrete slab

A load bearing wall is a wall that is structural and ties itself to both the ground, and the wall above it.

We also learnt about the various types of methods of laying out bricks.

Stretcher bond

Header bond

English Bond

Flemish bond

Stack bond-This is by far the least structural wall, however, if tied in to a structural wall behind, can be effective.

Monk Bond

The composition of a Load bearing internal wall.

• Fair-faced blockwork
• Core 10 steel
• Lightweight aerated concrete block 215mm high, by 440mm long
• 2 layers of concrete block, is 6 layers of redbrick, then tie together.
• Good resistance to water penetration.
• Excellent fire protection
• Directly take fixing
• Only needs 2 coats of plaster

Internal wall studwork needs to be 600mm distance (this allows for the dimensions of the  plasterboard for easy fastening to the studwork itself.)

Charles Prior-Lecture II

Today in the PP2 lecture with Charles Prior, we discussed and researched flooring, access and stairs.

One of the interesting parts about the lecture, was the method by which you lay your foundations.

First layer- Coarse hard-core

Second layer- Type 1 hard-core

Third layer- Blinding Layer (sand)

Forth Layer- Damp Proof Membrane (DPM)

Fifth Layer – Pour concrete and polish to satisfactory finish,

We also discussed about how concrete is a great insulator, and has a high specific heat capacity, yet takes very little heat to warm up to temperature.

Lateral bracing systems were also touched upon. The way they are designed is interesting, however, not as interesting as the fact that if set up correctly, can be stronger than RSJ’s.

Vertical access

Whilst learning about vertical access, we started discussing legislation, where i came across this quote.

“Legislation is the development of the natural tolerances of the human condition.”

I like the fact that legislation is constantly developing, yet at the same time i dislike it, due to the fact that it is legislation, and it prevents the more outrageous designs in the world being physically created.

Containment-A barrier that prevents people from falling one floor to the storey below.

Flight- The part of a stair or ramp between landings that has continuous

Series steps or a continuous slope

Going- The horizontal dimension from front to back of a tread less any overlap with the next tread above.

Helical stair- A stair that describes a helix round a central void.

Ladder- A means of access to another level formed by a series of rungs or narrow treads on which a person normally ascends or descends facing the ladder.

Ramp- A slope steeper than 1 in 20 designed to conduct a pedestrian or wheelchair user from one level to another.

The rise of a stair should be between 150-170mm.

The run of the stair should be 250mm, except when disabled access is required, when 300mm is the minimum.

The standard width of the stairs, should be 1000mm.

Height of the handrail should be 900mm above the run tread.

Stairs are usually built at a ratio of 13:20.

Always one more riser, than you have runs.